卜凯著，孙文郁译：《河北盐山县一百五十农家之经济及社会调查》，南京金陵大学，1929年，页47、页157-158。
[26] 《惯行调查》，Ⅴ-6，“河北省良乡县吴店村概况”。
[27] 《惯行调查》，Ⅵ-401、422、470。冷水沟村亦有此例。
[28] 《后夏寨村调查记录-1994年8月》，王廷章·王会远、李令义，《中国农村变革》，第2卷，页426、432。
[29] 《惯行调查》，Ⅰ-121，【帮工】；Ⅰ-146，【帮工·帮忙】。
[30] 《惯行调查》，Ⅱ-45，【（村长一家的）邻助关系】。



Production Condition of Farmer, Farming Combination and Village Community of
Modern North China Village

Abstract：This paper goes to look at some problems such as the production kind of Chinese country family in modern age and the changing of village community etc., and then investigates the characteristics of the Chinese country society from the point of farming combination. The dry farming in North China, especially the cultivate exercise need plural draught animals and persons to cooperate, so the farmers in modern North China have to combined with the others to solve the problem of deficiency of the animal power and manpower. In modern North China country , there being many kinds of farming combinations between various farmers, besides the “Datao搭套”, still have the exchanging labor between the manpower and manpower, manpower and work animals, work animals and work animals, including the gratis usage of the draught animals and implements, help others to cultivate, raise the work animals together, rent together to grow, hire labor together etc. The different evaluation towards these agricultural combinations caused the entirely different Chinese rural society’s epistemology. This paper point that in the modern North China country, quite a number of forms of farming combination have been the main stream for its reasonable principle and on an equal footing principle, and flexibility.

Key words：North China Village; Production Condition; Farming Combination; Village Community

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