硬贷款,也称为“贷款”,指普通条件的贷款;一种是无需偿还的赠款。不过赠款较少,以前两种援助为主。
②结构调整贷款,又称纯政策性贷款,旨在支持和帮助借款国在宏观经济、部门经济和机构体制方面进行全面的调整和改革,以克服经济困难。这类贷款使用有严格、苛刻的条件,若借款国未能按预定的条件执行,第二批贷款就停止支付。这类贷款执行期短,一般为1~2年。
③“滴流效应”,即当经济增长到一定程度之后,对穷困者所能提供的生产要素的需求会增加,导致这些生产要素价格提高,这样经济发展的成果最终会“滴落”到穷人身上。
参考文献:
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