[本篇论文由上帝论文网为您收集整理,上帝论文网http://paper.5var.com将为您整理更多优秀的免费论文,谢谢您的支持][摘 要]拥有七千年以上历史的韩国农业不仅影响了这个国家的经济发展和社会变迁,而且也影响着人民的物质生活和文化生活。韩国传统农业为人们提供了食物、健康和与环境友好相处的生活方式。随着眼2004年稻米市场的开放,这个国家的农业危机将更加严重。数年前由于大众趋于照搬西方的农业道路并且忽视了传统和环境方面的因素,韩国的农业陷入了困境。
[关键词]
The Significance of Korean Agriculture, Its Value and Prospective
Abstract:Korean agriculture which has a history of over 7,000 years has greatly influenced not only on its economic development and social change, but on the people’s lives and culture. Korea’s traditional agriculture has provided its population with food, health and an environment-friendly way of living. While the crisis in the nation’s agricultural industry will become worse with the opening of its rice market in 2004, the hardship in the nation began years ago with the popular trend to copy the western way of farming and ignore the traditional and environmental attributes. What is serious is that the impact from these does not end with local farmers, as abandoning Korean agriculture is to go far beyond the industry itself in the future. The new agricultural policies adopted after the launch of the WTO have caused the combined farming based on harmony between paddies and dry fields to virtually disappear: Soil fertility has also fallen. While there is a surplus in rice production, the economy is dependent on imports for beans and wheat. Concerns are being raised about wheat flour mixed with chemicals and genetically modified beans. The national self-sufficiency in grains has plummeted, whereas none of the positive effects of globalization is yet to be realized. True international competitiveness can be obtained only when we evaluate the situation from an objective point of view. The demand for a uniform adoption of western farming practices without giving due consideration to "different environments and cultures" is far from wise. Nevertheless, the New Round negotiations scheduled to start this year attempt to think of agriculture as a quantitative product. In this regard, we must strive to restore the traditional environmental-friendly viewpoint of Korea’s agriculture. Each unique tradition of farming must be respected as intangible assets. All those concerned need to take the initiative to evaluate what the globalization has brought to the agriculture’s intrinsic values, and whether the merits of diversity and safety can be maintained in the matter of agriculture. The globalization of agriculture is a significant development, but consideration must be also given to the biodiversity in individual regions. In conclusion, it is crucial that the future of Korean agriculture should not be decided only by political and commercial considerations, lest we should endanger the health and prosperity of our nation.
Key words:Korean agriculture, environment-friendly agriculture, a uniform adoption of western farming practices, the globalization of agriculture, diversity and safety .
1.绪论
众所周知,韩国的农业危机是由“乌拉圭Round”这一国际性的协商所导致的结果。现在,让我们认真回顾加入WTO十年以来的农业历程,去认真思考一个问题—‘韩国农业究竟是什么?’。为此,我们在研究韩国农业及其发展史的时候,都要用世界史的视角去认识和评价。这样的自我确认过程,才能使我们克服将农业视为‘过去的产业’的不负责任的单纯认识,挖掘出韩国农业所蕴含的生态农业的特性。
随着开放的热潮,传统的农业作用论已变得陈旧。因为在持续的危机当中,其功能主义的作用已经不能很好的完成自己的使命。来势迅猛的农业开放热潮中,对农业的传统性质的期待已日益淡化。然而,在这期间,大多数的国民不顾粮食自给率低下的事实,无视农业存在的意义,而且,就连农业具有的无限的公益性也逐渐地被国民所忘却。其结果是:除了开放的步伐有所放慢的“大米”还有点儿剩余之外,麦子、大豆之类就要依靠进口了。抛弃复合耕种,片面地追求单作化和专业化导致了土质衰退,除草剂、杀虫剂的滥用威胁着国民的健康。因此,探索和研究世界粮食危机的对策和生态农业是我们亟待解决的课题。
那么,乌拉圭Round协商,真的像他们所打出的‘同等竞技条件’的招牌那样自由平等吗?倒是WTO所提倡的‘无一例外的关税化’,‘对农家补助的生产—价格不连接原则’等才是以‘经济相对优势’这把尺子来衡量农业价值的司空见惯的做法。进而,今年开始的New round协商更是令人失望。因为它忽视了地域性、多样性以及其土地所形成的独特的传统文化等所有本质性的价值,而是用‘贸易收支’这一量化的数据来衡量和评价农业。当然笔者并不否认世界化对世界经济所做出的贡献。可是为什么会在世界各地广泛出 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页
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