尽管对于中国的领导人来说,改变其政策是困难的,但是应该看到,在过去的四分之一世纪里,制度变革已经让中国的农村居民从中受益。
今天中国农业面临最严重的挑战之一是如何公平和有效地分配产权。这是中国人民和她的政府所面.临的巨大的挑战。
Institutional Change and the Transformation of East Asian
Agriculture: A Historical Interpretation
Stanford University, U.S.A)Abstract There is the same characteristic; almost every foot of land is made to contribute mate-rials for food, fuel or fabric, in the agriculture of East Asia before modern time. Those farms sup-ported a large population with little livestock; land productivity was extremely high but labor pro-ductivity low. Some 80 percent of the population lived and worked in agriculture, which con-tributed 70 to 80 percent of gross domestic product. However, most of the family farms today areagro-business enterprises imbedded in a modern market economy in Korea and Japan. Authorpoints out that land survey and land tax reform were important breakthroughs in the moderniza-tion of Japanese and Korean agricultures. China’ s agricultural history was very different becauseChinas government was not able to carry out the same institutional changes as occurred in Japan.During 1980 - 1982 the Chinese government began to reform its rural farming system into one ofmixed property rights. This new system--village brigade leased land to selected households andrenewed those leases on a trial basis-provided rural people with new incentives to increase outputand raised their living standards. But the reforms did not go far enough. One of the most seriousproblems facing Chinese agriculture today is how to equitably and efficiently distribute propertyrights.Key w~)rds East Asian ;Agriculture; Institutional Change; Transformationproblems facing Chinese agriculture today is how to equitably and efficiently distribute propertyrights.Key w~)rds East Asian ;Agriculture; Institutional Change; Transformation 上一页 [1] [2] [3]
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