还是均衡的恢复者,都是把货币要素超越于市场之上,作为一个外生的因素来看待,而对于金融脆弱性的性质并没有作很好的解释。在现代金融脆弱性理论中,货币与金融是被作为经济增长模型中的一个内生因素来研究的。尽管传统理论对经济周期给予了很大的关注,却没有明确划分繁荣、危机、通货紧缩及扩张期;而在很大程度上,这恰恰是现代金融理论所研究的一个核心问题,即强调经济周期的变化是由金融因素所引起的,金融会对经济主体的行为产生很大的影响。在说明货币的投机需求问题时,传统理论考察了利率这一变量,但忽视了资产的预期价格;现代金融脆弱性理论为了使分析更为充实,提出用货币需求函数来表示资产的价格,特别是在分析影响资产价格的变量时,考虑到流动性偏好带来的货币流量的变化、流动性偏好的不确定性以及投机预期的变化等因素,从而使现代金融理论在分析投机性投资热潮的产生时变得很容易。 从Fisher的负债——通缩理论到现代金融脆弱性理论,是以过去的100年特别是20世纪30年代初全球经济大萧条以及90年代末东南亚金融危机为背景的,分析侧重于传统市场经济运行过程中出现的问题。这些理论的研究十分有价值,但随着虚拟经济的迅速发展,全球金融运行的原有模式也在发生改变,开始突破固有的经济理论和思维范式,因此,金融脆弱性理论也面临这种新的经济运行方式的挑战。首先,虚拟经济的不确定性与实体经济的不确定性有很大区别,虚拟资本交易的全球化,使任何一个局部市场的不确定性都会快速传递到别的市场。其次,由于金融创新和证券市场的快速发展,虚拟资本运动与实体经济日益脱离,虚拟经济呈现出独自的运行规律,并冲击着整个经济体系。已经很难用以现金流为重点的资产选择模型来解释虚拟经济中经济主体的异常行为,特别是难以解释资本资产价格泡沫。再次,现代金融脆弱性理论对金融危机的发生、传导机制中的信息、新闻、政治等短期因素研究不足,而这些因素尤其是政治因素又是在虚拟经济时代对投资者交易心理预期有决定性的影响。最后,无论是Minsky的金融脆弱性假说,还是Krugman的过度金融观,都是以实体经济波动规律为基础的,从而得出金融脆弱性是始于金融扩张,投资是带动整个经济周期波动的原发性因素等重要结论。但是,虚拟经济时代的经济周期波动方式已发生了很大的改变,原有的理论不但对此缺乏解释力,而且使一些关键性的命题基础也面临着考验和挑战。
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On the Contemporary Development of Financial Fragility Theory
Abstract: We generally pay attention to financial fragility theory because people more and more understand that world finance system is Fragility when there are many financial crises in the world. Financial fragility theory is based on some Emerging economics theories and is front theory of economics, but there are different opinions in the academics. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the financial instability hypothesis theory and margins of safety theory, then make a summary of studies about how financial instability come into being and how to appraise financial instability.
Key words: financial fragility; margins of safety; information asymmetry; externality 上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5]
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