Chapter 8 Fundamental Non-performance
8.1 General Considerations
8.2 Foreseeable Substantial Detriment
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 Substantial Detriment
8.2.2.1 Existing detriment
8.2.2.2 Substantial deprivation
8.2.2.3 Discernible expectations
8.2.3 Foreseeability
8.2.3.1 Introduction
8.2.3.2 Test for foreseeability
8.2.3.3 Time for foreseeability
8.2.3.4 Burden to prove unforeseeability
8.3 Other Elements in Defining Fundamental Non-performance
8.3.1 Strict Compliance of Essence
8.3.2 Intentional Non-performance
8.3.3 No Reliance on Future Performance
8.3.4 Disproportionate Loss
8.4 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 9 Anticipatory Non-performance
9.1 General Considerations
9.2 Grounds for Suspension
9.3 Seller’s Right to Stop Goods in Transit upon Suspension
9.4 Duty to Give Notice in Exercising Suspension
9.5 Restoring Performance by Giving Adequate Assurance
9.6 Termination upon Anticipatory Fundamental Non-performance
9.6.1 In General
9.6.2 Clear Indication of A Fundamental Non-performance
9.6.3 Notice Given in case of Termination
9.7 Adequate Assurance of Due Performance
9.7.1 Purpose of Rule
9.7.2 Non-receipt of Adequate Assurance
9.8 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 10 Termination of Breached Installment or Part
10.1 Termination of Installment Contracts: CISG Art. 73
10.2 Termination of Future Installments: CISG Art. 73(2)
10.3 Termination of a Contract as a Whole: CISG Art. 73(3)
10.4 Partial Termination: CISG Art. 51
10.5 Combined Approach: PECL Art. 9:302
10.6 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 11 Declaration of Termination
11.1 No Automatic Termination
11.2 Informality of the Notice
11.3 Transmission of the Intention
11.4 Risk in Communication
11.4.1 CISG Approach
11.4.2 Receipt Principle under the UNIDROIT Principles
11.4.3 Combined Approach under the PECL
11.5 Time Limit for the Declaration: in General
11.6 Declaration within Reasonable Time
11.6.1 Definition of Reasonable Time
11.6.2 CISG Approach
11.6.3 UPICC/PECL Approach
11.6.4 Concluding Remarks

Chapter 12 Effects of Termination
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Relief of Future Performance
12.3 Retrospective or Prospective Approach
12.4 Unaffected Rights and Obligations after Termination
12.4.1 Continuing Right to Claim Damages
12.4.2 Unaffected Clauses Intended to Apply despite Termination
12.5 Restitution
12.5.1 In General
12.5.2 Entitlement of Parties to Restitution on Termination
12.5.3 Restitution under the PECL
12.5.3.1 Property reduced in value: Art. 9:306
12.5.3.2 Recovery of money paid and property: Arts. 9:306, 9:307
12.5.3.3 Concluding remarks
12.5.4 Restitution of Benefits Received
12.5.5 Exceptions: Restitution Not Possible or Appropriate
12.5.5.1 CISG approach: making restitution a prerequisite for avoidance
12.5.5.2 UPICC/PECL approach: focusing on the allowance upon impossible restitution
12.5.5.3 Comparative perspectives
12.5.5.4 Concluding remarks


PART IV DAMAGES
Chapter 13 General Measure of Damages
13.1 Right to Damages
13.2 Full Compensation
13.3 Recoverable Losses
13.4 Compensation of Non-pecuniary Loss
13.5 Computation of Losses and Gains

Chapter 14 Limits to Claims for Damages
14.1 General Considerations
14.2 Foreseeability of Loss
14.2.1 In General
14.2.2 Test for Foreseeability
14.2.3 Party Concerned and Reference Point
14.2.4 Evaluation of Foreseeability
14.2.5 Content of Foreseeability
14.2.6 Concluding Remarks
14.3 Certainty of Harm
14.4 Contribution to Harm
14.4.1 In General
14.4.2 Ways of Contributing to the Harm
14.4.3 Remedies Affected by the Contribution
14.4.3.1 Remedies available upon non-performance caused solely by the contribution
14.4.3.2 Damages proportionately reduced due to partial contribution
14.5 Duty to Mitigate
14.5.1 In General
14.5.2 Reasonable Measures Taken
14.5.3 Effects of Failure to Mitigate

Chapter 15 Damages upon Termination
15.1 General Considerations

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