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表明，自
由基及其内源性清除酶系统参与了低氧预适应的形成和发展。
2.7 其他机制
预适应可以降低细胞能量代谢。有实验表明，抑制线粒体复合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ可以形成预
适应，并可试用于提高机体的缺氧耐受能力[18]。低氧预适应引起的神经保护作用
可以被放线菌酮(一种蛋白合成抑制剂)和放线菌素D(一种RNA合成抑制剂)所抑制，
表明在低氧预适应中有新的基因表达产物形成[19]。热休克蛋白(HSP)是应激反应
蛋白家族中的一员，Wada等[20]用高温(41℃)预处理15 min和低氧(8%)预处理新生
大鼠3 h，24 h后予缺血处理，发现高温和低氧预处理后都不检测到HSP72，只是缺
氧缺血损害本身可诱导背侧纹状体、丘脑(轻度)和海马HSP72的表达，因此认为HS
P72似与耐受无关。Garnier等[17]也发现，沙土鼠低氧预处理后海马未见HSP72表
达。星形细胞则参与细胞间液中K+代谢的调节和利用，维持神经元生存微环境的稳
定，分泌神经营养因子，如神经生长因子，从而参与了预适应保护机制。Garnier
等[17]用免疫组化和免疫印迹法检测胶质纤维酸性蛋白，并用免疫组化检测isole
ctin B4的表达，结果表明沙土鼠低氧处理与小胶质细胞激活无关，而星形细胞却
明显被激活。
3 脑低氧预适应的应用前景
虽然脑低氧预适应的机制尚不十分清楚，但是预适应的效应提示脑组织具有自身保
护机制。如能对脑低氧预适应过程中产生的某些物质进行分离、纯化，试用于卒中
和其他缺血缺氧性疾病的治疗中，也许将提高脑神经元等组织对缺血缺氧的耐受性
，延长治疗时间窗，减轻后遗症，并为脑损伤等疾病的防治提供新的选择。
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