血肿未破入脑室组、伴少量脑室出血组、伴大量脑室出血组),并用单光子发射计算机断层脑显像(SPECT)观察其脑血液灌注情况;结果表明,当大量血液进入脑室系统时,可引起全脑血液灌注量的下降,而在血肿未破入脑室组和少量脑室出血组则无此种现象。 脑出血时,血液可沿神经纤维走向延伸,大脑半球深部出血时,血液可能沿神经纤维间的间隙下达脑干,引起继发性脑干出血。本组304例中,有9例其出血向下延及脑干,发生率为2.96%。这类患者预后不佳,9例患者中8例死亡。在这9例中,2例为基底节区出血,出血量>30ml;7例为丘脑出血,其中4例出血量在15~30ml之间,3例出血量≤15ml。Mori等[10]报道当丘脑出血量≤15ml时,其死亡率仅5.2%。但我们的资料提示,丘脑出血量虽在15ml内,若出血下延达脑干时,情况就大不相同了:本组有3例丘脑出血,出血量均≤15ml,唯血液都下伸累及脑干,其中2例在发病2周内死亡,存活的1例(丘脑出血量约6ml),其功能恢复也差,生活不能自理。从而提示出血延及脑干也是影响预后的一个不利因素。【参考文献】 1 Tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke.The national institute of neurological disorders and stroke rtPA stroke study group.N Engl J Med,1995,333(24):1581. 2 Daverat P,Castel JP,Dartigues JF,et al.Death and functional outcome after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.A prospective study of 166 cases using multivariate analysis.Stroke,1991,22(1):1. 3 Togha M,Bakhtavar K.Factors associated with inhospitsl mortality following intracerebral hemorrhage: a threeyear study in Tehran,Iran.BMC Neurol,2004,4(1): 9. 4 Hallevy C,Ifergane G,Kordysh E,et al.Spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral hemorrhage.Criteria for shortterm functional outcome prediction.J Neurol,2002,249(12): 1704. 5 罗祖明,董佑忠,彭国光.脑血管疾病治疗学.北京: 人民卫生出版社,1999,94. 6 Young WB,Lee KP,Pessin MS,et al.Prognostic significance of ventricular blood in supratentorial hemorrhage: a volumetric study.Neurology,1990,40(4): 616. 7 Sumer MM,Acikgoz B,Akpinar G.External ventricular drainage for acute obstructive hydrocephalus developing following spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.Neurol Sci,2002,23(1):29. 8 Mayfrank L,Kissler J,Raoofi R,et al.Ventricular dilatation in experimental intraventricular hemorrhage in pigs.Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid dynamics and the effects of fibrinolytic treatment.Stroke,1997,28(1):141. 9 Mayer SA,Kessler DB,Van Heertum RL,et al.Effect of intraventricular blood on global cortical perfusion in acute intracerebral hemorrhage: a singlephoton emission computed tomographic study.Abstr.Ann Neurol,1995,38(2):288. 10 Mori S,Sadoshima S,Ibayashi S,et al.Impact of thalamic hematoma on sixmonth mortality and motor and cognitive functional outcome.Stroke,1995,26(4):620. 上一页 [1] [2]
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