对部分区域耕地面积核算进行系数修正。
通过GIS对太湖流域土壤信息进行比对分析,得出各区域中耕地所占比重,经过加权求和,得出整个太湖流域耕地面积约为2250万亩,与统计报告中太湖流域耕地面积误差2.27%,见表3。
 据WADDELL和BOWER估计,施用的磷肥约5%扩散到大气中,土壤吸附固定55%~75%,植物吸收7%~15%,被径流带入地表水5%~10%,沥滤到根区以下的土壤或地下水<1%[15-17]。目前流域内耕地平均磷肥施用量(P2O5)为0.0098kg/m2[18],若以5%的数量流失计算可得到:农业面源总磷排放量=15000000000m2×0.0098kg/m2×5%=7350t;综合治理区2005年污染物排放量为总磷1.04万吨。农业面源磷肥排放量占总磷排放量的比为:7350t/10400t=70.7%。
4结论
根据近年各种污染源的数据,以及GIS核算面积和化肥量,得出农业面源污染排放的氮磷量占总污染量的70.7%;农业排放的N、P是引起太湖水体富营养化的重要原因。
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