m programs increased from the original 14 programs in 1982 to 57 in 1996 and the student enrollment also grew from 726 in 1980 (Greenberg & Lau, 1989) to 6,186 in 1997 ( Hao & Xu,1997, p 40,). Despite the expansion of journalism programs and increase of journalism student enrollment, journalism education in China has also become more diversified or more localized in its own sequences. In an effort to carry out effective communication to the outside world, China started its international journalism education in five universities in 1983, that basically integrates journalistic training with English learning and aims to train for Chinese media reporters and editors who are qualified enough to be internationally communicative (Guo, 1996, pp.77-88,) because they could both understand foreign and Chinese cultures and master the Western style of news reporting (Hao & Xu,1997, p.38). The international journalism program is certainly unique to the Chinese society and meets the increasing demands of the country that needs to be open to and to exchange and cooperate with the outside world after a long period of separation since 1949. It is more so considering that the fact that the formation of the Chinese language is so different from that of western languages and may create some problems for China to be engaged in effective communication with the rest of the world (Guo, 1998). In addition to international journalism programs, the expansion of other sequences such as sport journalism, photojournalism as well as advertising, public relations and radio and TV broadcasting, have also added greatly to the scope and variety of the process of localization of the journalism education in China. Although the Journalism Discipline was officially renamed as the Journalism & Communication Discipline by the Ministry of Education in 1998, which include four sub disciplines: namely Journalism (print), Radio & TV Broadcasting, Advertising and Publishing (A Guidebook to Shanghai International Studies University), many journalism programs in China still keep their former journalistic priorities or educational orientations under the new sub disciplines as is demonstrated in the development of the five programs in five universities in Shanghai. 4. Five Journalism Programs in Shanghai ----- A Show Case. Table One Universities with Journalism ProgramsYear of SetupSequential FocusStudent EnrollmentFudan University1929Journalism/Radio & TV AdvertisingDoctoral / MA students UndergraduatesShangwai (SISU)1983Journalism (Int’l)MA / UndergraduatesShanghai University1987Radio & TVUndergraduatesShanghai Sports Institute1989Journalism (Sports)UndergraduatesJiaotong University1996Radio & TV UndergraduatesTable One shows the expansion boom of journalism education in the Fifth Stage also occurred in Shanghai. As we can see, all the other four journalism programs in Shanghai were established from 1983 to 1996. However, this is also the a period in which the process of localization is most obvious as is reflected in the following three trends: Firstly, all the above journalism programs have their own distinctive features when they were established and are targeted to meet the growing and diversified demands of the media development in Shanghai as well as across China. As is mentioned above, the local journalism education in Shanghai started with the establishment of the Journalism Department in Fudan University in 1929. Though modeled after the Journalism College of Missouri University at the very beginning, the Journalism Department (now Journalism College) of Fudan University has basically undergone the above five stages of journalism education development, or what this paper has considered to be a process of localization. After 80 years of localization, the Journalism College of Fudan University has developed itself into a journalism program with Chinese characteristics (Ding,1997) and has become one of the two flagships of journalism programs (The other is the journalism program of the People’s University) across China. The Fudan Journalism College not only has its traditional sequence in Journalism, but has expanded to other sequences of radio & TV broadcasting, advertising and international journalism as well. Besides, it enrolls students on all levels, including doctoral students, master students and undergraduates (Zhang, 1999). Shanghai International Studies University (SISU), which started as foreign language school, lays great emphasis on the training of the English language ability in its journalism program. Because of its language advantage, it is natural SISU was selected as one of the five universities to start its international journalism program in 1983 and is one of few universities in China that still plays up its sequential focus on international journalism. International journalism, which integrates English language skills training with journalism, is certainly unparalleled in the rest part of the world and is very Chinese to the Chinese society (Qian, 1999). Shanghai University emphasizes the Radio & TV Broadcasting as it is a local comprehensive university in Shanghai and has special appeal among local students in Shanghai. Its Radio & TV program was established in 1987, a time when Shanghai was preparing to set up its second radio station (Eastern Radio Station) and second TV station (Eastern TV Station) in 1992, a breakup of the practice of one radio and TV station in one Chinese city since 1949 (Guo, 1999, p.82). Shanghai Sports Institute (SSI) started its sports journalism program in 1989, just one year after China joined the Olympic Games in Los Angles in 1988, the first time since 1949. The sports journalism program of SSI, maybe the only one in China, has sent hundreds of sports journalists to all the media in China in the past years and helped promote the colorful reporting of sports activities and expansion of the sports pages of Chinese media since 1988 (Ren, 1999). The journalism program of Jiaoton

上一页  [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7]  下一页