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论欧盟金融服务法中的母国控制原则 | |||||
收集整理:佚名 来源:本站整理 时间:2009-02-04 14:22:30 点击数:[] ![]() |
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请求欧洲法院就德国法律的上述规定是否符合《罗马条约》第30条和第37条的规定作出预先裁决(preliminary ruling)。欧洲法院判决认为,德国法律中有关货物自由流动的限制性措施并不符合公共利益的要求。 [24] C-120/78 Rewe-Zentral v. Bundesmonopolverwaltung für Branntwein, [1979] ECR 649, para. 8. [25] Completing the Internal Market: White Paper from the Commission to the European Council, COM (85) 310 final, paras. 102-103. [26] See Directive 85/611/EEC, Art. 4 (关于母国承担许可责任的规定) and Art. 5d (关于母国承担审慎监管责任的规定)。 值得注意的是,在《1985年白皮书》之后制定的框架性金融服务指令中,只有《共同投资机构指令》没有明确使用“母国控制原则”一词。 [27] See Directive 92/96/EEC, Recital (6); Derective 92/49/EEC, Recital (5); Derective 93/22/EEC, Recital (3); Directive 2001/17/EC, Recital (11); Directive 2001/24/EC, Recital (6)。 [28] See Directive 94/19/EC, Art. 4 (1) and Directive 97/9/EC, Art. 7 (1), para. 1. [29] See Directive 94/19/EC, Art. 4 (2) and Directive 97/9/EC, Art. 7 (1), para. 3. [30] See Directive 2000/12/EC, Recital (7); Directive 2002/83/EC, Recital (7); Directive 2004/39/EC, Recital (23)。 [31] A. Gkoutzinis, Cross-border Electronic Banking Activities in the Single European Market and the Normative Value of Home Country Supervision, J. of Int‘l B. Reg., Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 87. [32] A. Gkoutzinis, Cross-border Electronic Banking Activities in the Single European Market and the Normative Value of Home Country Supervision, J. of Int‘l B. Reg., Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 85. [33] 在欧盟金融服务法中,“共同利益”一词是一个纯粹的司法概念,泛指极为重要的公共利益要求(imperative public interest requirements)。二十世纪七十年代,欧洲法院为了通过判例法补充《罗马条约》第30条关于数量限制例外的规定,在有关货物自由流动案件的判决中创设了这一概念。后来,鉴于《罗马条约》没有关于“提供服务的自由”的例外规定,欧洲法院在有关金融服务的案件中也广泛地使用了这一概念,以判断成员国国内法中限制“提供服务的自由”和“设立机构的自由”的措施是否合理。See T. R. F. Sexton, Enacting National Environmental Laws More Stringent than other States‘ Laws in the European Community: Re Disposable Beer Cans: Commission v. Denmark, Cornell Int’l L. J., Vol. 24, p. 578. See also S. K. Schmidt, The Impact of Mutual Recognition: Inbuilt Limits and Domestic Response to the Single Market, J. of Euro. Pub. Pol., Dec., 2002, pp.937-938. [34] 具体地讲,行为规则包括市场行为规则(rules of market conduct)和商业行为规则(conduct of business rules)。其中,市场行为规则是指“防止滥用市场行为的法律和监管规则”,这些规则旨在通过禁止滥用内幕信息、制裁市场欺诈和市场操纵行为来保护金融服务消费者的利益以及市场的公正性;商业行为规则是指调整金融机构与客户关系的法律规范。通常,这些法律规范表现为一系列“基本的法律原则和详尽的监管规则”,用来确保金融机构能够诚实地管理客户的资产、恰当地执行客户的指令以及避免或者合理地处理利益冲突问题。从法律性质上讲,市场行为规则属于公法性质的法律规范,适用时不以事先存在合同或者受托关系为前提;而商业行为规则既包含公法性质的法律规范,也包含私法性质的法律规范。在实践中,准确区分上述两类行为规则是很困难的,欧盟金融服务指令也没有将两者截然分开。See E. Avgouleas, The Harmonization of Rules of Conduct in EU Financial Markets: Economic Analysis, Subsidiarity and Investor Protection, Euro. L. J., Vol. 6, No. 1, p. 74. [35] C-384/93 Alpine Investment BV v. Minister van Financien, [1995] ECR I-1141. [36] 例如,在通过设立分支机构的方式提供跨境金融服务的情况下,有关利益冲突的规则就兼具审慎监管规则和行为规则的特点。 [37] 例如,《银行业务综合指令》前言第7段指出:“在相互承认的范围内,如果信用机构在东道国开展业务活动的方式与母国相同,那么东道国不应限制这些业务活动,但东道国保护共同利益的法律另有规定的除外。”第20条第4款规定:“东道国可以采取适当措施,阻止或者惩处其境内违反有关共同利益的法律规定的违法行为。”第22条第5款规定:“在必要的情况下,东道国应告知信用机构为了维护共同利益而必须遵守的规定。”该条第11款规定:“信用机构可以在东道国境内对其业务进行广告宣传,但是应遵守东道国基于共同利益而对广告的形式和内容作出的规定。”另外,《寿险业务综合指令》前言第46、47、49和53段、第33条、第40条第4款以及第47条,《第三非寿险指令》前言第19、20、24和29段、第28条、第32条第4款、第41条以及第54条第1款也有类似的规定。 [38] See A. Gkoutzinis, Online Financial Services in the European Internal Market and the Implementation of the E-commerce Directive in the UK, Int‘l Rev. of L., Comp. Tech., Vol. 17, No. 3, p. 326. [39] [40] C-220/83 Commission of the European Communities v French Republic, [1987] ECR 3663. [41] C-205/84 Commission of the European Communities v Federal Republic of Germany, [1987] ECR 3755. [42] A. Gkoutzinis, Online Financial Services in the European Internal Market and the Implementation of the E-commerce Directive in the UK, Int‘l Rev. of L., Comp. Tech., Vol. 17, No. 3, p. 324. [43] E. Lomnicka, The Home Country Control Principle in the Financial Services Directives and the Case Law, Euro. Bus. L. Rev., Sep./Oct. 2000, p. 331. [44] See Insurance: Support for Clear Rules on Cross-border Service and General Good, European Report., Sep 12, 1998, p. 1. [45] See Commission Interpretative Communication on the Freedom to Provide Services and the Interest of the General Good in the Second Banking Directive, SEC (97) 1193 final, Jun. 20, 1997. Commission Interpretative Communication on Freedom to Provide Services and the General Good in the Insurance Sector, O. J. of the EC, Feb 16, 2000. [46] See J. J. Norton, A Perceived Trend in Modern International Financial Regulation: Increasing Reliance on a Public-Private Partnership, Int‘l L., Vol. 37, pp. 46-47. [47] See , for example, IOSCO, Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation, May, 2003; Technical Committee of the IOSCO, International Conduct of Business Principles, Jul., 1990; Basel Committee, Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision, Sep., 1997; IAIS, Principles fo 上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6] 下一页 Tags: |
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