而且信息技术同时提高了企业内部控制效率,使得流通企业可以更低成本地对其分店进行选择性干预。 另外,流通相比于生产在规模上的后发优势仍然是一个值得深入研究的问题。流通以生产为基础,但随着分工和交换的发展,生产的扩张,市场规模和范围的扩大,整个经济对交易的依赖程度加深,从而整个流通产业和单个流通企业在规模上(相比于生产)体现出一种后发优势。随着经济的发展,各国流通产业在国民经济中的比例呈上升趋势;沃尔玛及其他国际流通业巨头正在全球范围进行分店扩张,并且沃尔玛已成为世界500强的老大。这是一个非常值得我们在未来的理论研究中进行深入解释的现象。 参考文献: [1] 柳思维、李陈华,2003:《商业的分工效应及其在推进工业化中的作用》,《湖南社会科学》第1期。 [2] 文启湘,1999:《商业与市场经济研究》,陕西人民出版社。 [3] 杨小凯,1998:《经济学原理》,中国社会科学出版社。 [4] Baker, George and Hubbard, Thomas N. 2001. “Empirical Strategies in Contract Economics: Information and Boundary of the Firm”. American Economic Review, May, 91(2): 189-194. [5] Coase, Ronald. 1937. “The Nature of the Firm”. Economica, November, 4: 386-405. in Putterman, Louis, eds.. The Economic Nature of the Firm. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. [6] Coase, Ronald. 1998. “The New Institutional Economics”. American Economic Review, May, 88(2): 72-74. [7] Demsetz, Harold. 1997. “The Firm in Economic Theory: A Quiet Revolution”. American Economic Review, May, 87(2): 426-429. [8] Holmstrom, Bengt and John Roberts, 1998. “The Boundaries of the Firm Revisited”. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Fall, 12(4):73-94. [9] Klein, Benjamin and Murphy, K. M. 1997. “Vertical Integration as a Self-Enforcing Contractual Arrangment”. American Economic Review, May, 87(2): 415-420. [10] Knight, Frank H. 1921. Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. New York: Harper & Row, 1965. [11] Mcomulty, Paul. 1984. “On the Nature and Theory of Economic Organization: The Role of the Firm Reconsidered”. History of Political Economy, 16: 233-253. [12] Milgrom, Paul and Roberts, John. 1990. “Bargaining Costs, Influence Costs, and the Organization of Economic Activity”. in James E. Alt and Kenneth A. Shepsle, eds.. Perspectives on Political Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [13] North, Douglass. 1986. “Measuring the Transaction Sector in the American Economy”. in S. Eugerman and R. Gallman, eds.. Long Term Trends in the American Economy. Chicago, University of Chicago Press. [14] North, Douglass. 2000. “A Revolution in Economics”, in Claude Ménard, eds.. Institutions, Contracts and Organizations. Aldershot, U. K., Edward Elgar. [15] Rajan, Raghuram G. and Luigi Zingales. 2001. “The Firm as a Dedicated Hierarchy: A Theory of the Origins and Growth of Firms”. Quarterly Journal of Economics, August, 116(3): 805-851. [16] Richardson, G. B. 1972. “The Organization of Industry”. Economic Journal, 82: 883-896. [17] Simon, Herbert A. 1957. Models of Man. New York: John Wiley & Sons. [18] Williamson, Oliver E. 1985. The Economic Institution of Capitalism: Firms, Markets and Relational Contracting. Chapter 6, New York: The Free Press. [19] Williamson, Oliver E. 2002. “The Theory of the Firm as Governance Structure: From Choice to Contract”. Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer, 16(3): 171-195. [20] Yang, X. 1991. “Development, Structural Changes, and Urbanization”. Journal of Development Economics, 34: 199-222. 上一页 [1] [2] [3] [4]
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